Does modernization theory adequately explain the levels of Assignment

Does modernization hypothesis sufficiently clarify the degrees of financial development in the creating scene Support your answer with suitable models - Assignment Example tion hypothesis along these lines thinks about the inward elements with an attention on social and social structures just as adjustment of new and fitting innovation. This can be found in the advancement of countries like china. Financial development then again is the procedure of monetary thriving and social improvement in a general public. It is a procedure that is first class guided and thinks capacity to deliver development direction in households’ expectations for everyday comforts and culture. It is in this manner estimated by the markers which incorporate GDP, proficiency, business levels and future among others. Financial development can be affected by changes that include: laws, biological changes, new innovation just as changes that influence the physical condition (Baumgartner, Burns, and DeVille, 2014). Understanding these two wordings, the article in this way holds the view that modernization hypothesis sufficiently clarifies the degrees of financial development in the creating scene. This paper will give a clarification regarding why the above articulation is right supporting them with models. It is right to express that modernization hypothesis satisfactorily clarifies the degrees of financial development in the creating scene. Let us unravel this, modernization hypothesis centers around inner components inside a nation to be liable for underdevelopment. These interior components may include: proficiency, the demeanor of the people, correspondence, framework, agrarian structure, laws, among others. In this exposition the recorded interior variables will hence be talked about individually to comprehend their suggestion on financial improvement of a nation. In this manner, every one of the elements will be assessed as far as their effect on the nations physical condition, natural changes, innovation and laws and hence their suggestion on a country’s GDP, proficiency, business levels and future among others. Modernization hypothesis mulls over the interior elements with

Planet Saturn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Planet Saturn - Essay Example Climate is additionally significant, and the stripped away vaporous external layer would should be supplanted with an oxygen rich air to be equipped for supporting life. The environment isn't just for breathing notwithstanding. It additionally fills in as a defensive shield from risky vitality, and in this way the new climate of Saturn would must have a similar property. Saturn at present has no water, and couldn't support fluid water because of its very hot center and the subsequent surface temperature of, which would need to be brought for life down to get by in any case. This planet is excessively far away to be in the â€Å"habitable zone† where the sun could bolster life (Jones, Sleep, and Underwood, 2006). A diminished circle would go with an abbreviated good ways from the sun and would coordinate well with the plane of the Earth (delivering comparative seasons). The thickness of Saturn’s center would by one way or another should be diminished so life would not be squashed by its gravity. This gravity would likewise meddle with different planets if Saturn were nearer to the sun, prompting a totally different exhibit of issues in regards to perfect area. Furthermore, the attractive field of Saturn (somewhat more fragile than Earth’s) would not be sufficiently able to deliver a magnetosphere equipped for ensuring the planet’s

Cultural Imperialism And The Olympic Games Essays -

Social Imperialism And The Olympic Games Social Imperialism and the Olympic Games Essentially since their resumption in 1896, like clockwork the press is loaded up with objections about the interruption of intensity governmental issues into the Olympic games. David B. Kanin has remarked that while we are informed that universal Olympic framework admires and advances reasonable play and sportsmanship and enhances battle, scorn, and trivial desirously through organized rivalry and global generosity, the pragmatist is that worldwide game flourishes with the very legislative issues Olympic marketing specialists criticize (Kanin 1). By the by, the games are pretty much 'political', than everything else. Ninety-five percent of the issues looked by IOC's leader Killian included national and worldwide governmental issues (Senn x). Further, it tends to be contended that what could be called 'social government' has affected and even formed the games. Social government now and again encourages consideration of games mirroring a host countries specialized topic or de-undersco ring sports that are well known with countries not in political kindness. The accompanying report will investigate this issue up until the World War II games. The Olympic Games and the Olympic framework have become, in some basic ways, on-screen characters on the worldwide political stage. Senn demonstrates this moment that he states, Rather than being an independent establishment into which legislative issues creep excluded, the Games and worldwide game themselves assume a huge job in global governmental issues as they encapsulate strife and strain (Senn xii). Nonetheless, others differ expressing that they see sport as a transnational as opposed to universal marvel. This recommends the opposition unites non-administrative gatherings and associations freely of the legislatures of the world (Senn xii). This prompts the subject of why Americans even engaged in the Olympic Games. Bounce Fulton accepts that when Pierre de Coubertan was first presenting the resuscitated Games, American competitors and athletic affiliations were not especially keen on support. They regularly felt that the Games were minimal in excess of a chronicled relic best left overlooked. Requests to sportsmanship and the capability of the Games to encourage understanding among various people groups (prompting world harmony and amicability) were ignored (Fulton 52-58). Just when American competitors started to do well in the Olympics did a greater part of different competitors and associations conclude that investment has some genuine advantage. In this way, it is proposed that political just as serious intentions encouraged American inclusion. American contribution in the Games, has had many durable impacts on the Olympic framework. It has been expressed that Western games and standards have overwhelmed numerous aspects of the Olympics. Ruud Stockvis, a Dutch humanist, expresses the fame of some random game in some random nation relies on the advancement of the places of financial and political force among the countries of the world framework (Guttmann 173). The United States is perhaps the biggest hegemon on the planet, accordingly, social government is prevailing in huge numbers of their games and other Western countries. For instance, baseball, ball, American football, lacrosse, are probably the most well known games everywhere throughout the world. Be that as it may, numerous countries have taken American games and received them to suit their way of life (Guttmann 174). For example, Canadians have taken to a rendition of turf football and even imported American players (Guttmann 175). Despite what might be expected, th e United States has taken games from different nations. A long time after baseball turned into Cuba's national game, jai-lai got mainstream among Americans (Guttmann 175). Ultimately, there have been instances of outrageous social government previously. English ministers had constrained people groups of Asia, Africa, and India to play cricket and soccer football without wanting to. It was a push to Christianize these local people groups and power western qualities and culture upon them (Guttmann 177). Verification that the games have become a fascination for displaying the aptitudes, ability, and gifts of competitors from explicit nations (either has permitted under the framework to include occasions or powers compelling in characterizing the extent of the games) can be handily illustrated. Likewise, certain social qualities have been constrained into the Games and its functions. These sorts of activities are another type of social government influencing the Olympics. For instance, we can think about the accompanying: ? In 1912, Christian love was presented and directed in the arena as a major aspect of the initial function. It later

Muhammad Ali and the title of The Greatest - Free Essay Example

Many have claimed the title of The Greatest over the years, but only one has shown us what it is truly like to be the greatest to ever do it. Cassius Clay Jr. or better known as Muhammad Ali was born in Louisville, KY on January 17, 1942. Alis boxing career lasted twenty-one years and during that time, Ali amassed a total of fifty-six wins and was the first Heavyweight boxer to win the Heavyweight Championship on three different occasions. The majority of people dont realize that Ali changed his name from Cassius Clay Jr. to Muhammad Ali in light of his religion. (History.com) During Alis life, he has overcome a lot of adversity and has shown what its like to have a heart of a champion! When Ali was a young boy, about 12 years in age, he and his friend rode their bicycles to the fair, however when they left to return home Muhammad realized that his bicycle had been stolen, and then tried to find a police officer so that he could report the bike stolen. (Enslow 2006) Muhammad Ali was very upset about the bike and wanted to fight whoever took it to get back at him. A police officer overheard Ali and his friend talking about getting payback on whoever took the bike and the officer asked Ali if he had ever been in a fight before and Ali said that he hadnt. The Police Officer whose name was Joe Martin, told Ali that looking to pick a fight would be a bad decision, but would train him how to box to relieve his pent-up frustration. Muhammad Ali trained for about a month and a half before he had his first fight against Ronnie OKeefe, which he would end up winning by a split-decision. Muhammad before long turned into an astonishing competitor and it paid off high school. Muhammad won numerous Golden Gloves Awards and was an AAU Light Heavyweight Champion and despite the fact that his grades werent the best, the principle allowed him to graduate with his class. After High School, Muhammad Ali earned a spot on the U.S. Olympic boxing team and got the chance to go to cities around the world such as Rome and Italy. Muhammad Ali would end up beating Zbigniew Pietrzkowski for the Olympic gold medal in the 1960 Rome Olympics. After the Olympics, Ali would return home and become a professional boxer with the sponsoring of Louisville Sponsoring Group. Later, Muhammad Ali beat Henry Cooper in 1963 and beat Sonny Liston in 1964 to win his first Heavyweight Championship. During Muhammad Alis boxing career, he was trying to find himself and converted to the Nation of Islam (Biography.com). After converting to Islam, he changed his name to Cassius X; but the name was short-lived, and he would end up changing his name again to what we know him as today, to Muhammad Ali and that would be his official name until his death in 2016. Muhammad Ali was drafted to the U.S Army in 1967 for the Vietnam War, but refused to go due to his religious beliefs and he was sent to prison. While in prison, Ali was stripped of his Heavyweight Championship and was suspended from boxing for three and a half years. This was a terrible a time in Alis life, as he was suspended during three and a half years of his prime. When the years had passed, and the suspension was finished, Ali returned to the ring and won his first fight back in 1970 against Jerry Quarry. The next year, Ali would end up fighting in what would become known as The Fight of The Century, against Joe Frazier on March 8,1971, the fight happened at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Muhammad Ali would end up losing this fight to Joe Frazier and that was Alis first defeat as a professional. Ali however, would fight Frazier again on October 1, 1975 in the Araneta Coliseum which is in a city called Quezon in the Philippines, with Muhammad Ali winning this time around after a 14 round fight, and this fight is another fight of Alis that has been labeled as one of the best ever. This would prove to be one of Alis last successes in his boxing career as he would begin to lose more bouts through the late 1970s and would retire after his last fight on December 11, 1981. After Muhammad retired from boxing, he committed his life to Philanthropy. In 1984, Muhammad Ali was diagnosed with Parkinson disease and started an organization to help other people with the disease. (Biography.com) Ali also began to travel around the world to spread awareness on Parkinson disease. In 1998, Muhammad Ali was chosen to become a Messenger of Peace for the United Nations for the work that he had done with different countries. As per History.com; Muhammad Ali was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom from our forty-third President, George W. Bush while he was in office. Ali would also open a center for youth in his hometown of Louisville, KY so they could have mentors to teach them that they could do anything that they want to do. (History.com) Ali wanted to make a positive impact on the children of Louisville, much the same as somebody had shown him back when he was young man. Muhammad Ali has been married to four different women and had a total of nine children, seven of which were girls and the other two being boys. The most famous of his children would be Laila Ali, who grew up to be an outstanding boxer just like her father. Laila turned out to be a standout amongst other female boxers in the sport with a record of twenty-four wins and zero losses. Ali additionally has another little girl who is in the music industry,

Opinions on the Civil War - 3465 Words

OPINIONS ON THE CIVIL WAR. The northern and southern parts of the Unites States of America were politically, economically and culturally very different from one another. The people of the northern and southern colonies came to the new world for very different reasons and as time went on their differences grew. The differences between them originally divided their opinions on the civil war and who the people gave loyalty. THE PEOPLE IN THE SOUTH’S OPINION ON THE WAR . The question to ask one’s self is how a country suddenly can be divided into two parts? What triggered the people to create a separate nation? That is exactly what happened in the mid1800s in the United States. Most people in the south†¦show more content†¦Throughout this research I have noticed that the most frequently talked about the subject concerning the civil war is mostly about the slaves, fighters in the war, and leaders of each opposition party and the military issues of the war. The group of people who have actually been excluded is the male citizens who refused to fight in the war in the southern states. The male citizens who refused in the war were mostly disabled ones. This was because the southern states had no military and they had to recruit soldiers immediately which included almost all the working and not disabled male citizens (slaves did not count). The women were not really included in the actual civil war but they fought the war in their own way which was fortunately recognized after the war. It was the first time in American history that women played a significant role in a war effort. Whether they were appreciated or not appreciated their opinions on the war still counted ROSE O’NEAL GREENHOW. Her real name was Maria Rosetta O’Neal. When women are mentioned on the topic of civil war her name is always brought up. She served the confederate government by acting as a spy. She did it selflessly that even when she was put in prison she still sent secret messages. Among her accomplishments was the secret message she sent to General Pierre G. T Beauregard which ultimately caused him to winShow MoreRelatedAbraham Lincoln And The Second American Revolution957 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom: The Civil War Era†, â€Å"Tried by War: Abraham Lincoln as Commander-in-Chief†, â€Å"Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam† and many other history related books. â€Å"Abraham Lincoln and The Second American Revolution† consists of seven essays throughout on important themes in American history and unusual standpoints on the Civil War and Abraham Lincoln. James MacPherson’s focuses on the main topic which is the drastic changes the Civil War caused in America’s perception of freedom. Before the war took placeRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War lasted from April 12, 1861 to May 9, 1865. 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This book hit home hard and revealed concepts of realism by examining theRead MoreChandra Manning And The Civil War1169 Words   |  5 PagesOn April 18, 1865, the Civil War was ended by an agreement reached between Joseph E. Johnston and William T. Sherman following the surrender of the Confederate Army. Decades later, historians still question how the Civil War began. Although they view slavery as an underlying cause of the Civil War, there is still controversy in accepting that it was the main cause of conflict between the North and the South. In What This Cruel War was Over, Chandra Manning argues that the North fought for the purposeRead MoreEssay on African Americans Influence on Civil War618 Words   |   3 PagesIn what way the African Americans shaped the course and consequences of the Civil War? African Americans helped shape the civil war in many ways. In fact, they were basically the underlying cause for the war in the first place. African Americans were slaves and had been treated like property since they first arrived in America. Therefore, the possibility of freedom for these slaves caused a big uproar in the south. The issue of equal rights for African Americans, the country’s ignorance to AfricanRead MoreElizabeth Cady Stanton : Women s Rights978 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the late 1830s through the late 1870s women had little to no rights when it came to certain situations. Some women Such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Catherine Beecher and Mary Livermore all had their different opinions on women rights. Elizabeth Cady Stanton who was a woman activist believed that when it comes to marriage a woman should have the same equal opportunities as a man. Catherine Beecher a prominent writer believed that women should have no rights when it comes to abolition societie sRead MoreMary Boykin Miller : An American Diarist And Writer During The Civil War1018 Words   |  5 PagesMary Boykin Chesnut was born March 31, 1823 in Stateburg, South Carolina. She was an American diarist and writer during the Civil War was in session. Her birth name was Mary Boykin Miller, oldest daughter of Mary Boykin Miller and Stephen Decatur Miller. The Miller family was a wealthy owner of a plantation. Plantation had a large farm with resident workers and slaves. Her father was a politician who supported states` rights over the national government and set their own policies and having the powerRead MoreThe Effects Of Slavery On The United States1390 Words   |  6 Pagessides, either to be in support of slavery or want to abolish it. Strong opinions amassed, outrage and emphasis for the morality of slavery caused outbreaks of rebellions and violence. Tolerance for slavery was not the only singular cause of the Civil War. Profusions of both short and long term causes co ntributed to the outbreak of the Civil War. The introduction of slavery had an ingrained impact, as the Mexican-American War significantly lead to tension, and Lincoln’s election sparked disunion betweenRead MoreComparative Analysis of Research Articles on Slavery1451 Words   |  6 Pagesthe freeing of slaves in the Civil War era. Two historians, James M. McPherson and Ira Berlin, respectfully express their contrasting views over these topics in this assignment. While I absolutely agree that the slaves in the Civil War era played a pivotal role in emancipating themselves and securing their civil liberties, it was unequivocally the actions of President Lincoln that led to their eventual freedom. McPherson, a professor at Princeton University and Civil War historian, describes in hisRead MoreDeath And The American Civil War1404 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War exposes a different perspective of the Civil War that is sparsely discussed and challenges the reader to broaden their views and beliefs of the war. Author, Drew Gilpin Faust, conducted nine chapters, or the new and transformed ars moriendi, primarily focusing on the past and present of the Civil War and its soldiers. Faust begins her book with the preface, the Work of Death, giving a brief explanation of the life changing events that took place during the war, and how drastically

Van Gogh And Starry Night - 927 Words

While researching Vincent Van Gogh, I found out several interesting facts about him that I previously didn’t know. I also found out information on one of his famous paintings, Starry Night . My goal for this essay is to provide information and insight into both van Gogh and Starry Night. Vincent Willem van Gogh was a post impressionist painter. He was born in Zundert, Netherlands on March 30, 1853 and died in Auvers-sur-Oise, France on July 29, 1890. As a child, van Gogh had a bad temperament that stopped his pursuits in their tracks, and by the age of 27 he was, or had been, a french tutor and a salesman in an art gallery among other things. Many of his first paintings, such as Potato Eaters (1885, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam), reflected his experiences as a preacher. Some would say that his early work was dark and somber, sometimes even crude, providing evidence of his desire to express the misery and poverty of humanity though his eyes. In 1886, van Gogh went to Paris, France to live with his brother Theo van Gogh, who was an art dealer, and became well known with the new art movements being developed at the time. During that period, van Gogh began to experiment with current techniques after being influenced by the impressionists work and that of such Japanese printmakers as Hiroshige and Hokusai, andShow MoreRelatedThe Starry Night By Vincent Van Gogh1465 Words   |  6 PagesStarry Nights The captivating painting by Vincent Van Gogh, The Starry Night is a work of art completed by Van Gogh in 1889. Van Gogh had wanted to paint something that represented the night sky for some time, but many people are interested to find out that Van Gogh actually painted The Starry Night during his time at Saint-Paul-de-Mausole, an asylum and clinic for the mentally ill. There is much debate over the legacy of Van Gogh, and his â€Å"Turbulent Mindstate† however we can examine much of theRead MoreVan Gogh s Starry Night1671 Words   |  7 PagesIn Vincent Van Gogh’s Starry Night there are many aspects of the artwork that are symbolic of Van Gogh’s life struggles. It is easy for the viewer to assume that the aspects of Starry Night represent van Gogh’s time in the asylum, however, not all aspects represent his insanity and isolation. Starry Night is van Gogh’s representation of his biography inspired by his loss of faith, which can be seen and suppo rted by the symbols of the church and the stars. It is fair to say van Gogh was not in aRead MoreThe Starry Night By Vincent Van Gogh1633 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper attempts to present a discussion of Vincent van Gogh’s painting the Starry Night, in terms of his art style that lead people to interpret a different way of reality and the impact of that style subsequently on modern day artistic culture. Also, van Gogh’s late style that inherit his religious belief, his experience and his knowledge of astrology is also worth to mention that, as exhibited in this painting, had not only a direct artistic impact that inspire other artist to imitate it, butRead MoreStarry Night By Vincent Van Gogh1302 Words   |  6 PagesStarry Night is a famous painting by Vincent Van Gogh. Starry Night was constructed in 1889. At the time of his existence, Van Gogh was not well known. Van Gogh only sold one painting during his lifetime, and only became popular after his death like many other artists at the time. To fully understand this painting, one must know the personal life/struggles of the artist himself. When people hear the name â€Å" Vincent Van Gogh,† most automatically think of the crazed artist that cut off his own ear andRead MoreStarry Night By Vincent Van Gogh1433 Words   |  6 Pages A Cypress Tree in the Midst of the Stars Vincent Van Gogh, the Dutch artist who painted Starry Night, was disrespected and unappreciated for his works during his life. However, today he is considered one of the greatest Dutch painters. Today, his work is known for its detail, beauty, and emotion. One might claim that Vincent Van Gogh’s painting Starry Night depicts his supposed insanity. However, his painting Starry Night depicts his feelings of isolation, his feelings of alienationRead MoreThe Starry Night By Vincent Van Gogh916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Starry Night Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night (p. 389) in 1889. For this piece of artwork van Gogh used oil paint on a 29 X 36 1/4 canvas. In this painting van Gogh painted a dark village with a giant Cypress tree placed along with a small spiral church which draws the viewer s attention towards the sky that is depicted with stars and swirls upon the dark village. Van Gogh placed an emphasis on the Cypress tree by painting it large, long, and pointing towards the sky. He alsoRead MoreThe Starry Night By Vincent Van Gogh1372 Words   |  6 PagesVincent van Gogh was an incredible painter who was a part of the post-impressionism movement of art. Many believe his artwork and style shaped 20th-century art and many artists incorporated his painting style. Van Gogh is often regarded as on of the fathers of post-expressionism. Sadly, critics only appreciated his work after his death, by a self-inflicted gunshot, in 1880. Before starting my research into van Gogh. I knew as much as the ordinary person would about him. His artwork is so renownedRead MoreThe Starry Night By Vincent Van Gogh1582 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Arts Thesis Question 11-07-14 Vincent van Gogh One of my favorite pieces of art growing up was The Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh. Van Gogh was a man of his times, but what was his life like? Van Gogh had a religious upbringing and was originally going to be a minister as his occupation. But my main focus and what I want to know, is what were the influences on his life and how did they affect his painting? Between all of these things van Gogh had many influences. The religious influenceRead MoreStarry Night By Vincent Van Gogh990 Words   |  4 PagesStarry Night is notoriously famous and is probably Vincent Van Gogh’s most well-known piece of art, but that is all for a reason. Van Gogh very unique curving lines throughout the work and they create a flow to the painting that is very somber and fascinating. The line quality of the work seems whimsical in ways yet intentional, the lines are not pressed in very hard on the painting, you can tell because there are color differences within the lines meaning Van Gogh made casual strokes to create theRead MoreVan Gogh s Starry Night1991 Words   |  8 Pageswith mental illnesses ‘have no choice but to express their lives’; using art as their escape. Which makes me question what was their state of mind and motivation in the creation of some of their famous works, for example Van Gogh’s ‘Starry Night’. The expressive work of Van Gogh and the abstract mark making of De Kooning leads me to ask the question can artists escape their mental illnesses by expressing themselves through their application of paint, colour, shape and mark-making? I am interested

My favorite place to get lost... free essay sample

The best place to lose myself is in music. Sure, music isn’t a location. But it might as well be. Music expresses everything from shock, to love, to anger. That’s one of the reasons I love to get so lost in it. For a few minutes, I’m feeling what that singer felt when they first wrote or sang those words. Suddenly, I’m in their shoes. I’m no longer in my world, but one that is totally different. It’s music land. A place where every hope and dream gets jumbled into one. A multitude of genres and artists surrounds me, my favorites illuminated by a spotlight. Melancholy can hit at any moment, but so can happiness or confusion. I love shuffling my songs, plugging in my headphones, and letting the notes transfer me to a place far away. Sometimes I get so distracted by my tunes that I physically can’t hear anything else. We will write a custom essay sample on My favorite place to get lost or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I’m so far away in music land that I refuse to leave it. Call me crazy, but it is one of the best states to be in. Some people turn to recreational usage of drugs or jumping off buildings to create a high. I need go no further than my Ipod. It contains every piece of music that has moved me in some way. If you want to understand me, look no further. It’s all in my musical playlists. I can’t imagine a better place to get lost.

Utah Symphony and Opera Merger free essay sample

Symphony And Opera Merger Task 1 Utah Opera and Symphony Merger Utah Opera and Utah Symphony merger is an organizational plan to combine the two art-based organizations with an aim of increasing their effectiveness and efficiency. It involves fundamental changes that are beneficial to the operations of both companies. This documental analysis will assist Ann Ewers, General Director of the Utah Opera; make an informed decision concerning the merger process. The analysis will comprise motivation theories as well as other pertinent information that are essential for use in the merger process. It will also comprise different types of power and how to effectively deal with them in decision making, potential harm as a result of the merger, and how to utilize available influence in order to build additional support. A1. Bill Bailey Mr. Bailey Bill can effectively use McClelland’s need theory to convince Utah Opera to support the merger. The general concern raised by the theory is the need for affiliation. We will write a custom essay sample on Utah Symphony and Opera Merger or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The theory emphasizes the need to continue with social relationships. It also calls for the need of group belonging and need for love (Kreinter and Kinicki, 2010). Adam’s Equity Theory of Motivation asserts that high levels of motivation and positive outcomes can emanate from people perceiving their treatment as fair. When people feel that they have an upper hand over others in their environments, they are likely to be motivated. If they feel they are unfairly treated, they are likely to be disillusioned (Kreinter Kinicki, 2010). People usually measure the sense of fairness through ideas explained by Equity Theory. Mr. Bailey perceives inequity emanating from the financial potential of Symphony over Utah Opera. The Symphony has a more inflexible schedule as compared to Utah Opera. Bailey other concern is that opera is likely to lose its identity. A2. Scott Parker Scott Parker is the chairman of the board of the Utah Symphony and his goal is to convince Mrs. Abravenal to support the merger. He can use the concept of Maslow’s Need for Esteem. Abraham Maslow elaborated two types of human esteem needs. They include the lower needs and the higher ones. The lower ones are the need for reputation, respect, appreciation, and dignity. For instance, the need for the Symphony to reach tier one status; and other related needs up to the need for dominance – the Symphony’s ability to achieve and maintain tier one status. Parker should explain that the current economic climate requires the merger of the two organizations and that the organization requires more efficient operation for current financial stability. Mrs. Abravenal concerns are that the merger will ultimately lower her husband’s accomplishments and memory; however, through the need of achievement Parker can convince that Mrs. Abravenal’s husband accomplishment will cease if the orchestra closes as a result of its financial situation. From Bill Bailey’s point of approach, adding the Utah Symphony does not provide a meaningful relationship. The current opera organizational structure uses Symphony’s talents without providing the staff and the musicians a full-time contract. The Opera’s current production schedule is boosted by Symphony’s. This is because the Utah Opera Organization will enjoy the continued financial flexibility that the Symphony does not have. Acquirement of the Utah Symphony is likely to change the foundations of how the Opera’s schedule of performances. The Symphony has full-time contracted employees when compared to that of the Opera. This makes them have a larger financial responsibility than the latter organization. The concern for financial flexibility is the main impetus for Opera’s growth. The Opera has been able to have a surplus budget and arrange their shows with regards to the amount of money that they raise in every show. A3. Power Ewers is in a leadership role and has the ability to use positional power to lead the merger. As the name implies, positional power is the ability to influence others by the leader’s title or standing within an organization (Kreinter and Kinicki, 2010). Ewers’ positional power is supported by the skills that she has learned and earned her position in the Opera as the General Director. The members of the opera company have witnessed Ewers’ current success through the organization and her management of resources resulting in a financial strong opera company. This in turn, makes Ewers a favorable member within the organization along with high level of leadership. Ewer’s personal power is the source of influence she holds and her ability to influence others. Personal power is associated with knowledge, personal attraction and effort. Ewers leadership power can be increased through expertise acquired from the possession of special knowledge her ability for fund raising. All managers have some degree of legitimate power (Kreinter and Kinicki, 2010). The set of skills she has earned as she climbed through the organizations hierarchy shows Ewers is resilient and intellectual leader. These are Ewer’s innate traits are personal power; personal power is internal. Ewers is a well respected figure in the arts community and proven professional experience and proven organization success. Anne’s positional power is derived from her position in the organization as general director. Positional power is strategic because it empowers individuals at the top of the organization’s hierarchy to manage others in order achieve organizational goals. Moreover, it is both skill sets, personal and positional power that earned her the job title of general director. a) Ewers have developed relationships with members of both symphony and opera executive committees adding to her experience to use positional and personal power to successfully lead the merger efforts. However, she will be faced with new challenges, influencing others who have more positional power, the board of directors. Ewers will encounter others who will stifle her effectiveness by using their positional power negatively. Anne will also need to convince others who have less positional power, employees and the arts community, by building constructive relationships with her current and potential staff affected by the merger. b) In the new organizational hierarchy, Lockhart will report to Ewers. Lockhart believes his position and autonomy will be stripped away by the resulting merger. Again, Ewers should use personal power to empower Lockhart. This entails building trust by encouraging Lockhart’s participation in decisions and soliciting input. Ewers’ personal power can influence Lockhart to trust her as a leader and develop respect. A4. Organizational Performance The formation of the new organization faces contract issues with the musicians, if not resolved in the initial stages of the merger, would jeopardize the future organizational performance. The musicians’ concern is whether their current collective bargaining agreement will remain under the new-formed organization. As previously described in Adam’s Equity Theory, the musician’s perceptions are based on organizational justice, or their perception of whether they have been treated fairly by the organization (Kreitner Kinicki, 2010). Also, an element of organizational justice is distributive justice and the perception fairness and how resources and rewards are distributed (Kreitner Kinicki, 2010). Some musicians believe, or at least have accused the symphony board, of having entered into the merger discussions as an excuse to reopen and renegotiate the terms of the current collective agreement. ) It is recommended that Ewers addresses the musicians’ issue early in the merger process by requesting the organization and the musicians agree to abide by the terms of the current contract. Ewers must emphasize to the board the importance of the musicians to symphony and honoring commitment. Next, Ewers will have to assure the musicians that the contract will remain and that their g oals are aligned with the boards for the survival of the symphony. Finally, Ewers should communicate the financial concerns of the symphony. Open communication will win the trust of the musicians and change their perception perceptions of distributive and procedural justice by giving the musicians power over the decisions that will affect them (Kreitner Kinicki, 2010). A5. Influence Tactics Personal appeals could be used by Ewers to encourage the staff and artist assist new employees with the transition into the new organization. By appealing to loyalty and friendship, they may be more willing to help out in the future knowing that they are working with someone they trust (intrinsic motivators). Personal appeals can also be used when speaking to non-supporters of the merger to persuade them that they have developed lasting friendships that they should continue to foster. They have shared expectations for how group members have to behave if they want to have group approval, and group politics affect the movement of ideas between the members. Does not matter how small the group is, there is always an in-crowd, who shapes the goals of organization and makes decisions. And if there is a need to change the course of organization in a new direction, it is necessary to explicitly challenge the in-crowd first, perhaps by persuading them to publicly and consistently embrace new goals. In addition, Ewers can use consultation – getting others involved to support one’s objectives – when she is working with the opera’s full-time staff and artists. Ewers is not required to communicate information regarding the merger because of her executive position, but effective leaders use the power of information.

Kindergartens as a First Step towards Adult Life

Kindergartens as a First Step towards Adult Life A person's development begins from the very childhood. During their very first years children become more and more curious about the world around them and get some education by learning how to speak and asking all their why-questions. Then they start to learn the alphabet and start to read. They want to learn more about this life and demonstrate their talents. Before the age of six children are very sensitive, and it is crucial to find the right approach to every single individual at this period of time. The reality today is that parents cannot afford to stay at home with their children all day. Nowadays both parents have to work to make money for their family, and not every couple can hire a person that will take care of their children. This is why kindergartens are so popular and widespread in almost every country. Children are sent to the full-day kindergartens, and these places have a great impact on their upbringing and further education. A lot of researchers believe that it is crucial for younger children to have an access to education because it has a positive impact on their ability to read; besides, this improves their cognitive performance throughout their lives. Anyway, if parents have to spens all day at work and nobody can help them, they do not even ask the question about the importance of a kindergarten – this place is their only option. However, some families can choose to let a child go to the kindergarten or to stay with him/her at home. What should these parents prefer? Is a kindergarten the best alternative for them and their child? Disadvantages of a Kindergarten We would like to start this discussion with disadvantages of sending children to kindergartens. First and foremost, this experience is always stressful for children. No matter how good the teacher is and how great the other kids are, a child who comes to the kindergarten from home always feels nervous and stressed because of this huge change. The child is surrounded by strangers, his/her dear parents do not come to take him/her home for a few hours already – a child does not understand that immediately, which might cause a negative reaction. However, usually children overcome these difficulties and start to enjoy their days in the kindergarten a lot. Secondly, they can be negatively influenced by other children. Children in the kindergarten can have different backgrounds, and there is always a risk of a negative impact on your child. This is normal because teachers cannot control all communication between the children, and here it is very important for parents to help their children be open with them and teach them how to treat other children and how to solve conflicts. Advantages of a Kindergarten There are a lot of advantages of kindergartens which make these institutions so popular. To begin with, kindergartens help children become more independent. It is extremely valuable that children can learn how to do a lot of things without their parents’ help. They learn how to make the bed, how to clean, how to put on clothes, etc. When children stay home with their mothers or grandparents, they do not need to think about such important things because adults take care of them. However, at certain age children already need to do a lot of things without adults’ assistance, and kindergartens help them achieve this goal. Secondly, all children need to communicate with other children starting with the age of three or four. At this age they already require important social skills and learn how to build relationships with other people (in this case with their peers). Kindergartens also allow them to spend more time with other adults. This might be stressful for some children, but it is crucial because later they will become school students and they will have to establish good relationships with their school teachers. In the kindergarten children learn that parents are not the only authoritative people in their lives. Since children acquire all these social skills in the kindergarten, it is easier for them to study in school and make friends there and be in good terms with their teachers. Another very strong advantage of a kindergarten is education. This is the place where children start to learn how to write and improve their reading skills. They get a lot of different math assignment and have to memorize poems and perform them in front of their peers. In the kindergarten children make their first educational steps which help them a lot when they come to school. Since they do not have an easy access to TVs and computers, children are more busy with other activities: either they play together outside, which is great for their health, or do some sewing and knitting exercises which develop their fine motor skills. In the kindergarten children have to be disciplined and follow strict rules, and this is also very useful because it makes their transition to school much easier and less stressful. As you can see, kindergartens have their pros and cons, and it is only up to you to decide whether you want your child to go such a place. You can send your child to a kindergarten and see how he/she reacts. If this is too much for you boy or girl, then you should wait a little. However, your child can enjoy going to the kindergarten, and all your problems will be solved.

Working capital management and how it affects the liquidity and Dissertation

Working capital management and how it affects the liquidity and profitaility position of the hotel industry in the UK - Dissertation Example Research Questions 8 2.2. Research Objectives 8 3. Literature Review 9 3.1. Working Capital & its importance 9 3.2. Working capital management 13 3.3. Inventory management 16 3.4. Cash management 19 4. Research methodology 26 4.1. Research philosophy 26 4.2. Research approach and technique 28 4.3. Sources & collection of data 29 4.4. Ethics 32 4.5. Credibility & verification 33 4.6. Research limitations 34 4.7. Estimated costs 34 4.8. Time activity 35 5. Findings 36 6. Discussions 41 6.1. Working capital & its importance 41 6.2. Management & control of working capital 42 6.3. Working capital & its effects on liquidity and profitability of a firm 45 6.4. Relevance of & impact of working capital in the UK hotel industry 47 6.5. Analysis & discussion 54 7. Conclusion & Recommendation 58 8. Reflections 63 References 67 1. Introduction With the advent of globalization and major change in economy, various sectors have come into picture and have shown promising development all around. One o f them is definitely the hospitality sector. People flock in from various part of the world for various purposes and here comes the usefulness of the service sector. A country’s reputation also lies in the quality of hospitality which it may provide. The super powers in respect of world economy certainly have a cutting edge than others. UK is a favorite destination to citizens all round the globe. The culmination of people of various societies can be found over there, who are out to make their living. As a result the service industry in UK is on a boom. 4.2 percent of investment is made in the service sector (Economic contribution of UK hospitality industry, 2010). The London Olympics which is to be staged in 2012 will see numerous foot falls as people round the globe will be there to witness the gala event. The government has taken steps to renovate the industry and provide best of service. An addition of 1.2 billion pound will be there to the economy (2012 London Olympics F act). Economy earned by the hotel industry can be contributed to other growing or lesser growing sectors. It is quite evident that the hotel industry, especially those engaged in large scale are surely to be benefited, and can face high profitability. But amidst this, proper financial management of resource and a control on the working capital is also required to raise long term profitability. The profit gained over this period of time can be invested and manipulated well for future days. One of the important aspects in finance deals with Working Capital Management. The term Working capital deals with two broad divisions of the Balance Sheet, i.e. current asset and the current liabilities and the numeric difference between them. The current asset mainly comprises of cash, sundry debtors which are also known as Accounts receivable and bills receivable and inventories whereas the current liabilities deals with short term debt, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other debts. In lay man’s term working capital is one of the crucial requirements of a firm and is the fund which is required to meet up the day to days expenses. Working capital may vary from one organization to another based on their size and the amount of money that are engaged in current assets. Organizations employed with high fixed assets tend to possess a low working capital. Presence of an efficient working capital is of utmost importance to the firm and its assessment is also needed to be monitored in a correct manner. The overestimation or the under estimation both may lead to mishaps (Mathur, 2007) for the organization. Overestimation may hamper the return on investment by the accumulation of the inventories. Whereas the underestimation may curb the growth, as the organization will not move to venture into new projects due

Everythings a arguement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Everythings a arguement - Essay Example Let me put some logic into your puny gullible minds. First, what is ugly? To make the definition easier for your brains, ugly means â€Å"not pleasant to look at1†. If these stepmothers are actually as ugly as their creators (Hans Christian Andersen and Brothers Grimm are definitely no GQ models2), rich men would never decide to marry them. Rich? Yes. The stepmothers are supposedly after your heroines inheritance, right? Attractive? They must be, or they would never be called â€Å"beauties† worth of royal attention. All these facts just push my point further3. Get real! Do you really believe that Prince Charles during his younger years would marry somebody like Susan Boyle4 --- a poor, hideous nobody? Yea, Prince Charles is not an eye-candy5, but instead of this he is f---ing rich. Second, what is evil? It is quite elementary, Watson6! Evil is the opposite of good. Then so, what is good? Heroes and heroines are good. Yea, I agree to a certain extent (Robin Hood, or anyone else?7). So, thank you for helping me arrive at my point that if heroines are good, they must be known for doing good deeds to people. What exactly did Snow White, Cinderella, and the rest of these women did to be called heroines? All of them are melanin-deprived. Let us take Snow White as an example. She lacks courage. Escaping the huntsman is out of the mans kindness and not out of Snow Whites fighting skills. She even broke into the house of the seven little men who were all taken by her beauty. Sure, she offered her domestic services in exchange for a place to stay. And what about her almost getting killed by poison because of her moronic trust on an ugly stranger who gave her a fruit? This has nothing in common with heroism. Well, she survived several attempts at her life. She had to survive from pure luck and from the perversion of the handsome lord who happened to pass by and used a chance to dmonstrate his necrophilia8. What about Cinderella? Her dissatisfaction

Reflecetion paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reflecetion paper - Essay Example This memo will address strengths and weaknesses, as well as the risks and opportunities of the expansion. Opportunities 1) Market expansion through economies of scope and scale. Understandably, by expanding to Italy, we are already growing our market share without the high costs of starting a new company in Italy. Its existing revenues and market share will be added to ours. At the same time, from Italy, we can expand further in Europe too. 2) Trend of merger and acquisitions (M&A) in the tourism industry. M&A is the trend in the global tourism industry, including hotels. The articles from Warwick Clifton, â€Å"The Global Hotel Industry: Big, Beautiful and Branded? Part One and Part Two,† highlight that M&A is becoming more prevalent across regional and national markets. International hotel chains are gobbling up local independent hotel chains, in order to rapidly expand across the world. We have to take advantage of M&A and purchase potentially lucrative chains to purchase. Threats 1) Weak Euro. An article from Wharton shows that a weak Euro is bad for hotel business because of dampened consumer confidence. When they cut back in spending, they do so for luxury goods and services, and that includes hotel services. Furthermore, a weaker euro means lower spending power. We can see potential increases in the prices of goods and services that we need in operating these Italian hotels. 2) Damp economic climate in Europe, in general, and Italy, in specific. The economic crisis is hitting several countries in Europe hard, including Italy. This can affect business in Italy for the next couple of years or more. 3) Mixed success in hotel business. The article â€Å"Market Conditions Tighten for Italian Hotel Industry† indicates uneven success in the Italian hotel industry. It says â€Å"Declines for the Padua, Genoa and Bologna markets highlight the difficult market conditions,† while â€Å"the seasonal market of Taormina & Messina in Sicily report ed double-digit RevPAR growth (+18.4 percent) YTD† (â€Å"Market Conditions†). We cannot expect immediate high return for our acquisition because of mixed business revenues due to the slack in the business climate. Strengths 1) Full control of how the chain should be managed. The top management can exert transformational changes that are required to raise the standards of the Italian chain. The home country management will have the power and authority to enact necessary changes to improve the quality of services in the chain. 2) Lower costs in terms of acquiring local knowledge and familiarity. Local managers and employees already know the cultural, operational, and budgetary idiosyncrasies of the host country. It is assumed that the existing human resources are familiar with the market characteristics enough to no longer need a costly comprehensive market research. 3) Empowered organizational culture can be used to enhance quality standards. We can enhance the standard s of the hotel enough to warrant higher hotel rates. We can use the empowered approach of the Italians to let them manage and own organizational changes that will benefit them as employees. 4) Acquisition expands HRM knowledge and skills for multinational operations. If we want to be a multinational hotel business, we must not be afraid of learning from different cultural environments. This acquisition will help our home HRM gain

Doctor Manette’s Role In A Tale of Two Cities :: A Tale of Two Cities

Doctor Manette’s Role in A Tale of Two Cities Introduction- Individual characters often exist as the heart of a novel. I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Tale of Two Cities evolved from Doctor Manette’s story A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Doctor Manette’s story II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Recalled to Life† A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Doctor Manette’s appearance B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His revival C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His relationship with his daughter III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Doctor Manette’s relapses A. His newfound strength IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Doctor Manette as a hero Conclusion- Doctor Manette as the nucleus of the novel. Individual characters often exist as the heart of the novel. They contain dynamic characteristics and occupy a central position in the novel. In A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens uses Doctor Manette as the core of his novel, Doctor Manette â€Å"is a worthy hero and a crucial piece in the puzzle†(Glancy 75). His personality and story thrusts him into the spotlight throughout the book. The novel revolves around his character. A Tale of Two Cities evolved from Doctor Manette’s story. He has witnessed the aftermath of a rape and assault committed by two twin nobles, the Evrà ©mondes, and is forbidden to speak of it; â€Å"†¦the things that you see here are things to be seen and not spoken of† (Dickens 325). But when Manette tries to report these crimes he is locked up in the Bastille. The novel is then built up through Doctor Manette’s cruel and unjustified imprisonment and the events following his release from prison(Lindsay 103). That is how he becomes the core of the novel. Upon the opening of the novel Dr. Manette is a weak and horrific man. He is a man â€Å"recalled to life† (Dickens 24) from an eighteen-year imprisonment and has the appearance of an aged man having white hair and a ragged face; â€Å"he is a ghost, the empty shell of a man† (Glancy 69). He is very confused, so confused he cannot recall any of his past or even remember his name. â€Å"The experience of oppressive misery has not merely twisted him†¦it has broken down the whole system of memory in his psyche† (Lindsay 104). He is a mere victim of the past. â€Å"Dr. Manette has been driven mad, broken and goaded into a destroying curse, by eighteen years of unjust imprisonment in the Bastille† (Johnson 30). He is too accustomed to imprisonment to be able to bear freedom, which was true of many prisoners during the Revolution. But he is resurrected at the sight of his daughter, who stimulates the memory of his wife with her â€Å"threads of gold†, or her golden hair.

Cost Club Scenario Essay

Introduction Every employee has fundamental rights in the workplace that include their right to privacy, fair compensation and free from discrimination. Even applicants have rights before they are hired as an employee. Some of those rights include discrimination that is based solely on a person’s race, gender, age, religion, national origin, or during the hiring process (FindLaw, 2014). Employee Privacy * Employees have the right to privacy with regards to their personal possessions * This includes their purses, handbags. Briefcases, lockers.* Employees have limited rights with respect to e-mail messages and internet usage while using Cost Clubs computer system * Employers do not have the right to conduct a credit checks or background checks on an employee or perspective employee without the express written permission of the employee (FindLaw, 2014). Employee Unions Under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), employers are forbidden from interfering in an employee’s right to organize, or to join or assist in a labor organization for collective bargaining purposes, or prohibit working together to improve terms and conditions of their place of employment. Union employer’s may not coerce their employees in exercising any of their rights such as (National Labor Relations Board, 2014): * It is illegal for an employer to threaten their employees with the loss of their jobs or benefits if they choose to join or vote for a union or participate in protected concerted activity. * Threaten employees with plant closure should their employees choose to have union representation. * Employers are not to question employees about their union activities or sympathies * Promise employees benefits in order to discourage union support * Punishing  employees for engaging in union or protected concerted activity * Retaliating against an employee by transferring, laying off, terminating, assigning employees to more difficult work task or for filing an unfair labor practice charges or participating in an NLRB investigation (National Labor Relations Board, 2014). Occupational Safety and Health Administration Under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (,OSHA) employers have a responsibility to their employees to provide a safe environment for their employees. Employers are responsible for providing their employees with a workplace free of serious hazards and must follow all OSHA safety and health standards as well as identify and correct any safety or health problems found. It is also the employer’s responsibility to (United States Department of Labor, 2014). * Keep employees informed about hazards through the offering of training, labeling, alarms, systems that are color coded, material safety data sheets that pertain to chemicals and other methods. * Employees are to be trained in a manner in which they can fully understand * Employers are to maintain accurate and complete records of any work-related injuries or illnesses that may occur in the workplace. * Employers are to post any citations, injuries and illness data where is it easily viewed by employees. * OSHA is to be notified by the employer within eight hours should there be a workplace fatality or when three or more workers have been injured or hospitalized due to an accident. * Display the official OSHA poster that describes the rights and responsibilities in plain view for employees to read per the OSHA Act (United States Department of Labor, 2014). Employee Retirement Income Security Act Compliance assistance under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) sets the minimum standards for retirement and health benefit plans in private industry. Although ERISA does not require an employer to provide a retirement plan or to provide benefits it only requires those who have established plans meet and follow a level of standards. ERISA covers retirement, health, and other welfare benefit plans. (United States Department of Labor, 2014): * Meet ERISA standards of conduct * Employers are to assure that the funds of the plan are protected and that  participants who qualify will receive their benefits. * Employers are to include new health laws * Employers are to provide a continuation of health care coverage for an employee that due to certain events would result in a reduction ,in their benefits. * The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) amended ERISA to make health care coverage available for employees that have either been terminated or have quit (United States Department of Labor, 2014). Fair Labor Standards Act The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is responsible for setting and establishing a minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and youth employment standards that affect employees in the private sector andFederal, State and local governments (United States Department of Labor, 2014). * The wage for covered nonexempt workers is $ 7.25 per hours * Overtime pay to be at the rate of one-half times their regular pay after a 40 hour workweek. * There is no limit to anyone 16 years or older to the amount of hours they may work. * FLSA does not require Cost Club to pay overtime for weekends, holidays for an employees, regular days off, unless overtime is typically worked on those days. * Employers are required to display the official poster of the FLSA. (United States Department of Labor, 2014). Conclusion In order to ensure and maintain a high moral level of employee behavior. Employees of Cost Club must fully understand the ethical and legal implications of their decisions. As they relate to their employees personal and professional values. This should be reflected at every level upper, and lower management included. Cost Club needs to develop and implement a Business Code of Ethics that can be reviewed with all employees at all Cost Club locations. By implementing a Business Code of Ethics, Cost Club will weave together not only the legal principles of employment, but the moral issues that commonly arise in employment issues. These ethical behaviors are vital to Cost Clubs overall success. The stakeholders of Cost Club are able to take direction from Cost Clubs, Business Code of Conduct. And when an ethical dilemma occurs the code will become one of the employee’s best tools for dealing with the dilemma. When Cost Club chooses to engage in employee monitoring, this practice will be posted and announced to all employees.  Employees need to understand the laws and Cost Clubs corporations, policies along with the Business Code of Conduct. Cost Club also needs to exercise restraint in looking over their employees shoulders when it comes to use of the internet and email. (Mujtaba, 2014). When everyone understands all the ground rules then the workplace environment at Cost Club will be fair. If Cost Clubs employees are being ethical and following the policies he or she should not be concerned with monitoring and at the same time Cost Club should conduct their monitoring of employees within the guidelines of the law (Mujtaba, 2014). References FindLaw. (2014). Employee rights 101. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from http://employment.findlaw.com/employment-discrimination/employees-rights-101.html. Mujtaba, B. G. (2014). Ethical implications of employee monitoring: What leaders should consider. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from http://www.huizenga.nova.edu/Jame/articles/employee-monitoring.cfm. National Labor Relations Board. (2014). Employer/union rights and obligations. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from http://www.nlrb.gov/rights-we-protect/employerunion-rights-and-obligations. United States Department of Labor. (2014). Employee retirement income security act ERISA. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/health-plans/erisa.htm. United Stated Department of Labor. (2014). Employer rights and responsibilities following an OSHA inspection. Retrieved April 13, 2014, from https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3000.html#12. United States Department of Labor. (2014). Wage and hour division. Retrieved April 13, 2014, fro m http://www.dol.gov/whd/flsa/.

How To Use Sin in Spanish

The Spanish preposition sin generally means without and thus can be thought of as the opposite of con (with). For English speakers, its use is generally straightforward, the main difference being that it usually is not followed by an indefinite article (un or una, meaning a). Here are some examples of its use: Para el paciente sin esperanza, no existe futuro. (For the patient without hope, a future does not exist.)Nunca conduzco sin gafas. (I never drive without glasses.)Daniela no podrà ¡ ir a la escuela sin computadora. (Daniela will not be able to go to the school without a computer.)Cuando la gente vive sin felicidad, no temerà ¡n a la muerte. (When people live without happiness, they will not fear death.)Hay muchos hogares sin telà ©fono. (There are many homes without a telephone.) Sometimes phrases using sin are better translated using the English suffix -less or -free: Las parejas sin hijos sufren muchas crà ­ticas. (Childless couples receive much criticism.)Los diamantes sin defectos son extremadamente raros. (Flawless diamonds are very unusual.) ¿Son los refrescos sin azà ºcar la solucià ³n al problema? (Are sugar-free drinks the solution to the problem?) Fast Facts Sin is usually the equivalent of without in English.When sin is followed by a noun object, it is seldom necessary to place an un or una before the noun, although one is sometimes used for emphasis.Sin is frequently used in phrases, most of whose meanings can be determined by translating the other words in the phrase. When to Use an Indefinite Article With Sin If the indefinite article is used after sin, it often is done for emphasis. Also, if the object (the noun after sin) is followed by an adjective or a clause, the indefinite article is often used: Yo estaba en Mà ©xico sin un centavo. (I was in Mexico without a single cent.)Se fue sin un adià ³s. (He left without even saying goodbye.)No hay democracia sin un orden social liberal. (There is no democracy without a liberal social order.)La clonacià ³n de un dinosaurio serà ­a imposible sin un à ³vulo de dinosaurio intacto. (The cloning of a dinosaur would be impossible without an intact dinosaur egg.) Following Sin With Infinitives When sin is followed by a verb, nearly always the infinitive form is used. Note how these sentences are translated to Spanish. In particular, the final two examples use sin in a way that without is not used in English: Tengo que aprender a vivir sin fumar. (I need to learn to live without smoking.)Aprender sin pensar es inà ºtil. (Learning without thinking is useless.)Sin leer es imposible escribir bien. (Without reading it is impossible to write well.)Hay muchas lecciones sin aprender. (There are many unlearned lessons.)La lata sin abrir puede durar hasta 12 meses. (An unopened can can last for 12 months.) Phrases Using Sin Dozens of phrases use sin. Heres a sampling: asociacià ³n civil sin fines de lucro, organizacià ³n sin fines de lucro — nonprofit organization aun sin — even without. Example: Cuando uno es inteligente, aun sin estudiar puede pasar con 100. (Someone intelligent can pass with a 100 even without studying.) ausente sin aviso — absent without permission barril sin fondo, pozo sin fondo — bottomless pit (usually used figuratively) callejà ³n sin salida — dead-end street (can be used figuratively) dejar sin efecto — to invalidate, to render useless estar sin blanca, estar sin un cobre — to be penniless or broke sin motivo — for no good reason, for no known reason misterio sin resolver — unsolved mystery quedarse sin nada — to end up with nothing. Example: La atleta puso todo pero se quedà ³Ã‚  sin nada. (The athlete gave it her all but ended up with nothing.) quedarse sin palabras — to be at a loss for words repetir sin parar — to say over and over again sin asombro — surprisingly sin cesar — without stopping, continuously sin compromiso — without any obligation sin contar con — to ignore possible consequences, to not take into account sin coste — free, without charge sin defensa — defenseless sin direccià ³n, sin rumbo — aimless, without goals sin duda — without a doubt, undoubtedly sin ganas — enenthusiastically, unwillingly sin hacer — undone sin otro particular — without further ado sin par — unique, without an equal sin pensar — without thinking sin razà ³n — with no reason sin tardar — immediately, without delay sin ton ni son — without rhyme or reason viaje sin retorno — one-way trip vivir sin — to live without. Example: No puedo vivir con ti. (I cant live without you.)